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Mexican creditors pressured their home countries—the United Kingdom, Spain, and France—to intervene (send troops) in Mexico to force Mexico to pay its debts. They refused to accept the assurances of the government that the debts would be paid and many Mexican conservatives, who were vehemently opposed to the liberal government (presided over by an Indian at that!) also encouraged European intervention.
In December, 1861, Spain landed troops in Veracruz, followed in January, 1862 by British and French troops. The Spanish and British quickly figured out that President Benito Juárez fully intended to pay the debts when he could, so they withdrew. They also realized that the French had other intentions, indicated by the arrival of reinforcements, and had no desire to help France achieve its ambitions.
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